Lacto-Fermented Dill Pickles

Use lacto-fermentation to produce classic half-sour or full-sour dill pickles.

Updated August 06, 2024

A large glass jar full of lacto-fermented dill pickles. — Serious Eats / Vicky Wasik

Why It Works

A saltwater brine creates the perfect conditions for friendly lactobacillus bacteria to ferment the cucumbers and produce lactic acid.
A complex spice blend creates layers of deep flavor.

These classic dill pickles get their characteristic tangy flavor through good old-fashioned lacto-fermentation. Simply make a saltwater brine, submerge the cucumbers in it with herbs and spices, then let the wonderful world of friendly microbes take over. As they eat the natural sugars in the cucumbers, they'll produce lactic acid, which will make the pickles nice and sour and perfectly preserved for longer-term storage.

The fermented cucumber pickle developed in the Baltic region and was exported throughout Eastern Europe, eventually evolving into the American versions of full-sours, half-sours, Jewish pickles. Fermentation times and spicing determine what kind you make. Half-sours, for example, are fermented for less time than full-sours.

Adapted from a recipe by Marcin Filutowicz, professor of bacteriology at the University of Wisconsin at Madison.

Pickle Science: How to Master the Preserving Power of Acids

August 2017

Recipe Details

Lacto-Fermented Dill Pickles Recipe

Prep 10 mins

Active 45 mins

Fermenting Time 504 hrs

Total 504 hrs 10 mins

Serves 10 pickles

Makes 1 quart jar

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Ingredients

1/4 cup plus 2 tablespoons pickling salt or other pure salt (3 3/4 ounces/105g), divided
10 pickling cucumbers (number-one or number-two-size; see note)
3 tablespoons whole mustard seeds, divided
1 tablespoon whole allspice
1 tablespoon whole juniper berries
1 tablespoon ground turmeric
2 teaspoons coriander seeds
5 whole cloves
1 teaspoon ground ginger
2 bay leaves, crushed
1 small (2-inch) cinnamon stick, broken into pieces
1 whole star anise, broken into pieces (optional)
1/4 cup thinly sliced white onion (from about 1/4 medium onion)
2 cloves peeled garlic
1 stem of whole, mature dill weed, including flower, or a medium-size tuft of young feather-like dill
1 quart water (1 liter), preferably distilled (see note)

Directions

In a large bowl, combine 1 quart (1 liter) cold water with 1/4 cup salt, stirring to dissolve the salt. Meanwhile, wash cucumbers, then trim off the flower-end (opposite of the stem) using a paring knife. Place cucumbers in cold saltwater bath. Let stand while you prepare the spice mixture.
In a small bowl, stir together 2 tablespoons mustard seeds with the allspice, juniper, turmeric, coriander, cloves, ground ginger, bay leaves, cinnamon, and star anise, if using. Measure out 1 tablespoon pickling spice blend and reserve the rest for a future batch.
Serious Eats / Vicky Wasik
Wash 1 (1-quart) glass canning jar with warm soapy water and rinse well. Pack the sliced onion, garlic, dill, 1 tablespoon pickling spice, and remaining 1 tablespoon mustard seeds into the jar, pressing firmly into the bottom.
Serious Eats / Vicky Wasik
In a medium bowl, stir together remaining 2 tablespoons salt with 1 quart cold water until salt is dissolved. Drain cucumbers and pack into the jar. Pour saltwater brine over cucumbers until covered. Close jar, fitting it with a Pickle Pipe or other airlock system for canning jars.
Serious Eats / Vicky Wasik
Place fermenting vessel in a cool, dry location away from direct sunlight to ferment. Ideal fermentation temperature is 60°F (16°C) to 70°F (21°C). Dry basements are ideal as they maintain a relatively consistent temperature. Check on your fermenting vessel every few days, looking for any evidence of spoilage or rot. You may notice some whitish growth; this is yeast and can be skimmed (or, if you're like me, you can toss the batch if you see yeast, as it can affect the flavor of the pickles). Your crock should develop a sour aroma; if it smells of mold or rot and the cucumbers are gray, soft, or otherwise discolored, your batch has been contaminated and must be discarded.
The exact fermentation time is hard to predict, but generally it takes about 3 weeks to reach the half-sour stage and 6 weeks to reach the full-sour stage. When your pickles reach your desired sourness level, transfer to the refrigerator. The finished pickles can be refrigerated for up to 2 months.
Variation: To make a Polish-style vinegar-fermented hybrid pickle, follow the recipe as written, adding 1 cup of white vinegar for every quart of water. This method comes directly from my husband’s family.

Special Equipment

1-quart glass canning jar, Pickle Pipe or other airlock system for canning jars

Notes

Pickling cucumbers are rated by size using numbers. "Number one" cucumbers are smaller than "number two" cucumbers; either will work here, though larger ones may not all fit into the jar. This recipe can be increased by keeping the salt-to-water-to-cucumber ratios intact. The recipe calls for distilled water; in areas where water quality is good, this isn't necessary, but if you are unsure, or if you have poor water quality, distilled water will help ensure a good fermentation.

Make-Ahead and Storage

Pickles can be refrigerated in an airtight jar for up to 2 months.

Nutrition Facts (per serving)
25	Calories
0g	Fat
5g	Carbs
1g	Protein

Nutrition Facts
Servings: 10
Amount per serving
Calories	25
% Daily Value*
Total Fat 0g	1%
Saturated Fat 0g	0%
Cholesterol 0mg	0%
Sodium 549mg	24%
Total Carbohydrate 5g	2%
Dietary Fiber 1g	4%
Total Sugars 2g
Protein 1g
Vitamin C 3mg	14%
Calcium 28mg	2%
Iron 1mg	5%
Potassium 156mg	3%
*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a food serving contributes to a daily diet. 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.

(Nutrition information is calculated using an ingredient database and should be considered an estimate.)