Creamy Sea Urchin (Uni) Pasta Recipe

Making sea urchin pasta is a lot like a toddler playing with Play-Doh: There are a million right ways to do it, and most of them are salty and delicious.

The effort-to-reward ratio of uni pasta is off the charts. It's hard to think of a simpler sauce or technique, and the briny, mineral, sweet, intense ocean flavor it delivers is something you'd typically expect to find only in the best restaurants.

There's just one mildly difficult part about it: getting the uni and paying for it. Okay, two difficult parts.

I'll get to sourcing it in a moment. As for price, uni is expensive, typically $5 to $10 per ounce. That said, its intense aroma means a little goes a long way; you need only about an ounce of uni per 75-gram serving of pasta. It's not an everyday dish, but it's an easy and impressive first course for a dinner party. Get your friends to bring the fancy Champagne to make up for the sunk costs (Champagne and uni pasta happen to go pretty darn well together).

Once you've decided to make the dish, there are a number of ways you can get from start to finish. I'm going to show you my favorite way, but you should feel free to follow your gut with each of the branching points in the recipe. It's really hard to mess this up.

All About Uni (Sea Urchin)

Sea urchins—uni (pronounced "oo-nee") in Japanese—are the little spiny echinoderms that live in cracks and crevices on coastal rocks and reefs. They vary greatly in size and appearance, but when we're talking about eating them, most of the time we're referring to the deep-purple, long-spined Pacific sea urchin from Hokkaido, Japan, or Santa Barbara, California. Or, alternatively, to the short-spined, coral-green Atlantic sea urchin from Maine, which is more common in the Northeast.

More specifically, we're really only talking about the bright-orange, roe-producing gonads of the animal. We euphemistically refer to these as "sea urchin roe" on menus and "tongues" in the kitchen, as the individual gonads have a papillate, tongue-like appearance.

Walk into any Japanese fish market, and you'll see neat rows of sea urchin roe sold in little wooden trays. I've rarely encountered past-its-prime sea urchin roe in these markets, but occasionally you'll find a tray with roe that looks a little muddy or has lost definition in its texture. If you see that, pass by.

If you don't have a Japanese fish market nearby, you can order it online from Fulton Fish Market or Browne Trading. (Please note: uni is a seasonal product that's usually available from late summer to fall and early winter.)

Sea urchin is pricey stuff, but you don't need much of it. I've found that an ounce to an ounce and a half of urchin roe per serving (four to eight tongues) is ample to infuse the dish with its distinct briny, iodine sweetness. That translates to about one typical tray of uni for a four-serving dinner.

Once you have the sea urchin, the next question is how best to incorporate it into the dish.

A few years ago, I had pasta ai ricci di mare in Catania, Sicily. That dish was made by sautéing garlic, anchovies, and chile flakes in olive oil; deglazing with wine; adding the sea urchin tongues, lightly broken up (they're so soft and custardy, they'll break down with just a few mashes of a spoon); and immediately tossed with pasta and pasta water.

The result was a dish that reads as a variation on pasta aglio e olio (pasta in a sauce of garlic and olive oil), with the garlic and chiles interspersed with creamy bits of sea urchin and a little acidity from the wine.

It's a lovely, classic preparation, but I've been craving more modern versions of the dish: the ones that take some influence from Japan and share more with rich carbonara than they do with aglio e olio. To get that, you need a blender, an immersion blender, or a food processor.

Making the Sauce

For creamy sea urchin pasta recipes, the typical process is to sauté garlic, shallots, and chiles in olive oil, then add the pasta and pour in a sauce made from raw sea urchin roe blended with softened butter or heavy cream. It's then cooked just long enough for the sauce to heat through and thicken, taking on a rich, glossy sheen.

Both of these basic processes produce decent, simple results, but I found the finished dishes lacked brightness. A small squeeze of lemon, added while tossing the pasta at the end, helped a little, but I wondered if there wasn't a better way to build some brightness in from the beginning.

The Sicilian idea of adding wine to the garlic-and-oil base was a step in the right direction. I tried it with a Pinot Grigio, a dry vermouth, and a dry sake. The wine and sake were both great; the vermouth will do in a pinch if it's all that's in your cabinet at the moment. I even tried it with a splash of a $6 dry California rosé, and it was still tasty!

Next, I looked at the butter I was blending with the sea urchin. Butter is notoriously effective at dulling bright flavors, and the cream wasn't much better. So I thought, "What if I pick a dairy ingredient with some natural brightness?" I rooted around in my fridge and pulled out some crème fraîche, sour cream, Greek yogurt, buttermilk, and Mexican-style crema.

Greek yogurt and buttermilk both made split, grainy sauces. Sour cream was a little too thick. Crème fraîche worked great, but that Mexican crema—that was the stuff!

The texture of Mexican crema is thinner than American sour cream, and it also has a more distinct tang. Most major brands, like Cacique and Marquez Brothers, contain small amounts of gums and thickeners that allow the crema to retain a creamy, glossy texture, even at higher temperatures.

Near me, Mexican crema is available at a number of Latin groceries, Safeway, and Whole Foods. If you can't find it, crème fraîche will do just fine, and if you can't find that either, a mixture of heavy cream and sour cream will get the job done. Blending the uni with the crema forms the silky base of the sauce.

Some recipes include umami-boosting ingredients, like anchovies, soy sauce, and miso paste. I didn't find any of them to be necessary, since uni has such a powerful savory flavor on its own.

The only ingredient left to address was the chiles. I tried a number of chile sources, both fresh and dried. Some high-quality red pepper flakes work just fine, but if you want to go for the specialty-ingredient trifecta, pick up a bottle of Tutto Calabria Hot Chili Pepper Spread (available at Italian import stores or online). It's got a mild heat and bright chile flavor, bolstered by a blend of mushrooms and eggplants.

Putting It Together

Finishing the dish is no different from finishing any other simple pasta-and-sauce combo: Cook the pasta to just under al dente (so it has the very slightest chalky core at the middle), then briefly cook it with the sauce, along with a splash of pasta-cooking water.

That pasta water is the real key. It contains starches that were rinsed off the pasta as it cooks, giving it a wonderful ability to thicken and emulsify sauces without affecting flavor, and allowing each piece of pasta to pick up just the right amount of sauce.

My favorite trick for cooking dried pasta is to cook it in a smaller volume of water than is typically recommended. Much smaller. For long pasta shapes, like spaghetti or bucatini (the classic pairings for sea urchin), that means cooking it in a 12-inch skillet with just a couple inches of water added to it.

This method not only cooks the pasta faster—no need to wait for a giant pot to come to a boil—but also produces pasta with perfect texture and super-starchy water that's excellent for emulsifying sauces. (See my piece on spaghetti cacio e pepe for more details.)

To complete the dish, I cook bucatini in salted water in a 12-inch skillet, stirring it every once in a while. Meanwhile, I get busy making the base for the sauce, sautéing the shallots, garlic, and chile. Once the pasta is cooked, I use tongs to pick it up out of the skillet and transfer it directly to the pan with the olive oil and aromatics.

Finally, I pour on my puréed-sea-urchin sauce, kick up the heat to high, add a big splash of pasta water, and cook until the sauce is creamy, noodle-coating, and light, adding a little more pasta water as I cook if the sauce over-reduces (it always does).

A sprinkle of minced chives and chive flowers, a couple tongues of raw uni, and we're ready to serve.

Any pasta will work with this recipe. Wine, sake, or lemon juice will do. If you want to, you can add anchovies and soy sauce. You can keep the sea urchin whole and break it up with a spoon instead of puréeing it, if you prefer. The sauce can take a little less or a little more uni without breaking. You can use Calabrian Hot Spread Sauce, or you can simply use red pepper flakes.

It's flexible—just like Play-Doh.